a) Community and Regional Histories
Anagnostou, Yiorgos. “Steve Frangos: An Archive of Popular Writings in Greek American History and Music.” Ergon: Greek/American Arts and Letters. 1 April, 2018.
Steve Frangos: An Archive of Popular Writings in Greek American History and Music by Yiorgos Anagnostou In 2017, a scholar in a major U.S. Modern Greek studies program made me an offer I could not resist: to share with me his extensive archive of the writings of Steve Frangos, one of the most prolific popular historians of Greek America.
Antonakos, John. The Greek American Community of Essex County. New Jersey: Author House, 2010.
Description: “This book is about Greek Americans who have lived or live in Essex County, New Jersey. Greeks first started to immigrate to the United States in large numbers after 1900. This book gives the stories of individual Greek American families. It gives a cross section of the Greek immigrants who come to America between 1900 and 1930. And it gives a cross section of the children of these immigrants. A Greek American community is synonymous with a parish of the Orthodox Church. In Essex County the community consisted of four churches. These churches are St. Nicholas, St. Demetrios, St. Fanourios, and Sts. Constantine and Helen. The priests who served these churches and their period of service are listed in the book. The churches religious services and Sunday and Greek schools greatly participate in shaping the moral character of the people. This book contains the biographies of individual families of the community. The biographies are arranged alphabetically, except that biographies about children or grandchildren of a particular family immediately follow the root family biography, so as to maintain the continuity of that family. The chief characteristics of the first immigrants were their high moral character and their industriousness. They passed these good characteristics onto their children. These immigrants were also highly supportive of education, and saw to it that their children received a good education. Because of all of these factors, today the immigrants children and grandchildren are leaders in commerce, industry, education, and government. They have accomplished what their parents desired for them. Truly they have achieved the American dream.”
Βασδέκης, Παντελής. Οι Έλληνες Μετανάστες στο Σικάγο και η Ίδρυση της Κοινότητας της Αγίας Τριάδας, 1890-1927. Private Publisher, 2007.
Brown, E. Philip. Greeks of Merrimack Valley. Arcadia Publishing, 2017.
Bucuvalas, Tina. Greeks in Tarpon Springs. Images of America Series. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2016.
Cassis, Irene and Constantina Michalos. Greeks in Houston. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2013.
Includes 200 black and white images.
Charitis, Christine V. Staten Island’s Greek Community (NY). Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2006.
“In the early part of the 20th century, Staten Island experienced an influx of Greek immigrants drawn to America by the promise of abundant opportunities. They settled in the farms of New Springville and Bulls Head and in the busy life of Port Richmond. Staten Island’s Greek Community highlights traditional aspects of Greek culture and exults in the Americanization, accomplishments, and contributions of this group. The historic images in this book capture familiar scenes such as Greek farms and roadside stands overflowing with succulent vegetables, truck farmers venturing into Manhattan to bring their produce to the Washington Market, and the Candy Kitchen in Port Richmond.”
Davros, Michael George. Greeks in Chicago, IL. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2009.
Diacou, Stacy, editor. Hellenism in Chicago. United Hellenic American Congress, 1982.
Diacou, Stacy. 2013. My Generation of Achievers: Their Social History, Bloomington, Ind: iUniverse.
Greeks in America during the latter half of the twentieth century had a mission to establish themselves as valuable contributors to society. Hundreds of them achieved success, building businesses, communities, and relationships that still stand today. Journalist Stacy Diacou documented their achievements in her social columns for Chicago’s Greek Press newspaper, and My Generation of Achievers is a compilation of her writings. Beginning in 1969, Diacou showed how these brave souls left their homeland and jumped over the hurdles of language barriers, joblessness, and empty pockets to create a better world for their children in the United States of America. Diacou profiles specific, treasured individuals in Chicago and reveals how they moved through society with grace and perseverance. Her columns document the fashion of the time, social gatherings, and the inner workings of Chicago’s Greek American community up until 1996. From luncheons and history lectures to celebrity sightings and church youth groups, Diacou captures a snapshot in time of one of America’s most successful immigrant groups. Fun, insightful, and entertaining, My Generation of Achievers opens the door to a fascinating aspect of Greek-American history
Georgeson, Stephen P. Atlanta Greeks: An Early History. Charleston: The History Press, 2015.
Beginning with the 1890s, the author explores the experiences of early Greek immigrants during their first three decades in Atlanta. Include 34 images.
Greek Historical Society of San Francisco. Greeks in San Francisco. Images of America Series. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2016.
Holy Trinity Greek Historical Committee. Greeks in Phoenix. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2008.
The Greek community in Phoenix began in 1907, when the Sanichas brothers, Charles and Chris, arrived in the city to establish the Sanichas Confectionery Store. By 1912, the year of Arizona’s statehood, the community had grown to nine families, including the Georgouses family of five brothers. In 1930, ground was broken for the construction of the Hellenic Community House, where religious services were held until 1947, when the Hellenic Orthodox Church was built. Today the legacy of the area’s Greek pioneers lives on through the Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Cathedral, which has established a research archive and museum to preserve and celebrate the Greek history of Phoenix. In this volume, members of the Holy Trinity Greek Historical Committee have collected more than 200 vintage photographs and other visual memorabilia to illustrate the unique Greek history of Phoenix. From their humble beginning in the early 1900s, the Greek community has grown into four Greek Orthodox Church communities. This retrospective pays tribute to the Greek families who pioneered early Phoenix and provided strong cultural roots for their future generations.
Doulis, Thomas. A Century of Celebration, Faith, History and Community, A 100 Year Commemorative Album, 1907-2007. Portland: Jack Lockie & Associates, 2007.
Author’s statement: “These articles were written and published locally as my donations to this past of the Greek Orthodox community of Holy Trinity of Portland, Oregon and are enhanced by historic photographs, at a time when this was unusual and involved a great deal of risk to get the valuable photographs turned over by the families at an age when reproduction of photographs was not simple and safe.
Doulis, Thomas. A Surge to the Sea: The Greeks in Oregon. Portland: Jack Lockie & Associates, 1977.
Doulis, Thomas. Landmarks of Our Past: The First 75 Years of the Greek Orthodox Community of Oregon. Portland: Gann Publishing Company, 1983.
Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church San Francisco
Early Years: The history of the HYPERLINK “https://www.holytrinitysf.org/”Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church is linked to the history of the city of San Francisco. The Orthodox faith has long had a presence in San Francisco with some records dating to 1857. Prior to the establishment of their own parish, Greeks worshipped and Greek priests often ministered to the Greek Orthodox faithful at the only Orthodox church in San Francisco, the Russian Orthodox church , founded in 1868. It wasn’t until 1892 when the Hellenic Mutual Benevolent Society was formed that initiatives to establish a Greek Orthodox church, organize community events and respond to tragic events occurring in Greece got underway. Read more
Fiorentinos, Panos. Ecclesia: Greek Orthodox Churches of the Chicago Metropolis. Chicago, IL: Kantyli Inc., 2004.
This coffee-table book includes more than 400 richly colored photographs and concisely written histories of the 59 churches of the Chicago Metropolis. Fiorentinos’ photographic journey encompassed six states—Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin and included dozens of interviews with priests and parishioners. Essays by scholars on the Greek Orthodox Church’s architecture, fundamental beliefs and history, and the meaning of its icons and symbols further enhance the book.
Frangos, Steve. Greeks in Michigan. East Lansing Michigan State University Press, 2004.
—. “Long Forgotten Greek Alaskan.” The National Herald. 15 Mar. 2005.
Gallant, Thomas. “Tales from the Dark Side: Transnational Migration, the Underworld and the ‘Other’ Greeks of the Diaspora.” Greek Diaspora and Migration since 1700: Society, Politics and Culture, edited by Dimitris Tziovas, Ashgate, 2009, pp. 17-29.
Kopan, Andrew T. “Greek Survival in Chicago.” Ethnic Chicago: A Multicultural Portrait, edited by Melvin G. Holli and Peter d’A. Jones, Eerdmans, 1995, pp. 260–302.
Kopan, Andrew T. “Greeks.” The Encyclopedia of Chicago. 2004.
Monos, Dimitris. “Greek Organizations in Philadelphia.” Invisible Philadelphia: Community through Voluntary Organizations, edited by Jean Barth Toll and Mildred S. Gillam, Atwater Kent Museum, 1995, pp. 93-96.
Morris, George J. Charleston’s Greek Heritage. Charleston: History Press, 2008.
Description: “Since the arrival of Maria Gracia Dura Bin Turnbull, the first female Greek settler in North America, Charleston has long embraced a vibrant Greek community, which has in turn continued to enrich the area for centuries. As an eastern seaboard city, Charleston was a magnet for great numbers of Greek immigrants, most from the island of Cephalonia. They journeyed to the city during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bringing with them a rich cultural heritage, shared values and a devotion to hard work and industry. Those early settlers operated small businesses, predominately grocery stores and restaurants, and emphasized education, ensuring that their descendants would help to weave the professional and civil fabric of the city. Their stories encapsulate the American immigrant experience, offering a portrait of where Charleston has been and where it can go. Longtime Charleston resident George J. Morris, an active member of the local Greek community, has collected primary documents and photographs that illustrate the unique development of Greek culture in the city.”
Monos, Dimitris. The Achievements of the Greeks in the United States. Centrum, 1986.
Odzak, Larry. Demetrios is Now Jimmy: Greek Immigrants in the Southern United States, 1895-1965. Durham. N.C.: Monograph Publishers, 2006.
Patterson, George James. The Unassimilated Greeks of Denver. New York: AMS Press, 1989.
Perera, Srianthi. Book Documents History of Phoenix’s Greek Community. Arcadia Publishing, 2008.
Rassogianis, Alexander, 2015. “The Entrepreneurial Spirit of the Greek Immigrant in Chicago, Illinois: 1900-1930.” Published by iUniverse, Bloomington, IN. 2015.
The book focuses on the price to opening a business by immigrants, which involved hardship, long hours of hard work, self-sacrifice and perseverance. The Greek immigrants, being individualistic, were willing to take the risks in order to avoid working for others and ensure the independence of their livelihood. The author shares how they were able to achieve this feat amidst the difficulties.
Rozeas, Christina. Greeks in Queens. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2012.
Includes 200 black and white images.
Samonides, William H., et al. Greeks of Stark County. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing: 2009.
Publisher Comments: “By the early 20th century, Stark County was one of the fastest-growing regions in the nation. The home of martyred president William McKinley had become a major industrial center, with alloy steel as the engine of growth for the booming local economy. To fill the ever-increasing demand for labor, waves of immigrants from Greece and Asia Minor settled in Canton and Massillon. Some sought economic opportunity; others were fleeing the Pontian Black Sea coast, where ethnic cleansing of Greeks accompanied the creation of the Turkish state. For the immigrant earning less than $3 a day, building a church meant making a commitment to a new life. In Canton, St. Haralambos Greek Orthodox Church was founded in 1913 and Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church in 1917. In Massillon, St. George Greek Orthodox Church was established in 1931. Churches and mutual aid organizations provided cohesiveness to the dynamic, often fractious, Greek community, which survived world wars, economic depression, and social discrimination and continues to flourish today.”
Skedros, Constantine J. 100 Years of Faith and Fervor: A History of the Greek Orthodox Church Community of Greater Salt Lake City, Utah 1905-2005. Greek Orthodox Church of Greater Salt Lake, 2005.
This volume gives a comprehensive history of the community and its two churches. It includes many vintage photographs.
Stamos, Helen Coidakis, et al. The Greeks of Newport, New Hampshire. Newport, NH: Hedgehog Publishing, 2011.
The book compiles stories of Greek-born individuals, their businesses, families, descendants, networks (by place of origin, businesses, gender, belief) and practices, and their relationship to the “American Dream.” Helen Coidakis Stamos has edited the words of others and composed many of her own accounts with respectful attention to the legacies of the people she has known who are no longer present, their difficult lives, and the sense of community they managed to recreate. The book is carefully researched, with an avid reader’s attention to the multiple layers of Greek lives in American.
Thomopoulos, Elaine. The Greeks of Berrien County, Michigan. Michigan: Berrien County Historical Association, 2003.
Trakas, Deno. Because Memory Isn’t Eternal: A Story of Greeks in Upstate South Carolina. Hub City: Hub City Writers Project, 2010.
Description: “In 1895, Nicholas Trakas left his village in southern Greece, boarded a steamship for America, and made his way to another southern village, Spartanburg, where he became the South Carolina city’s first Greek resident. He opened The Elite–one of the finest candy kitchens in the South–built a house on a lot he purchased for $44 and a pet parrot that could cuss in Greek, and began a wave of immigration from his home country into the burgeoning Upstate area.A century later, his grandson, Deno Trakas, a writer and professor at Wofford College, explores a peculiarly Southern version of the Greek-American story in “Because Memory Isn’t Eternal.” By introducing readers to four generations of Trakas family members, their remarkable friends, and their hardworking business partners, he tells a greater story and reflects on how these complex, larger-than-life characters have preserved the best of Greek culture down South. This intimate and often humorous memoir includes stories of Greek-American marriages, food, language, restaurants, religion, and misadventures, including the day two Trakas boys accidentally burned down the family’s church.
A constantly repeated refrain at Greek funerals is ‘Aionia i mnimi”- ‘May his (or her) memory be eternal.” More often, Trakas reveals, memory is ‘painfully, annoyingly short.’ His loving illustrated tribute to Greek-Americans assures that these stories and this history will not be forgotten.”
About the Author: Deno Trakas has published fiction and poetry in more than two dozen journals, including the Denver Quarterly, Oxford American, and the Louisville Review. He is a professor of English at Wofford College, where he also serves as director of the writing center and coordinator of the creative writing program. Trakas lives in Spartanburg, SC.
Vasilakes, Mike and Themistocles Rodis. Greek Americans of Cleveland since 1870. The Hellenic Preservation Society of Northeastern Ohio, 2007/2008.
“This upgraded and expanded third edition has 460 pages and includes graphics, tables, and more than 500 photographs. Included are excerpts from oral histories. It explores the events that delayed the emigration of most Greeks until the mid-1890s and the forces that precipitated emigration from Greece to America. It tells the stories of the pioneer Greek immigrants who settled in Cleveland. The first one was a woman who married an Irish merchant seaman in Piraeus. She arrived in Cleveland in 1870. The book tells the history of all four of Cleveland’s Greek Orthodox Church communities. Also included are the histories of church-affiliated groups (choirs, psaltis, Philoptochos, acolytes, Greek Schools, youth groups, et al) as well as many of the 32 village and national societies, and independent Greek schools and tutors who taught in the homes of Greek immigrants. Other chapters include businesses; media (newspapers and radio programs); dramatic arts; Greek bands; and political organizations. “The Family Album,” a separate section, contains individual family histories.”
Zervanos, Nikitas J. “The Early Greek Settlers of Lancaster County, 1896-1922 and the Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church.” Journal of the Lancaster County Historical Society 110:3/4 (Fall/Winter 2008-2009): 94-200.
b) History in Popular Media
Chrissochoidis, Ilias. Spyros P. Skouras, Memoirs (1893-1953). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013.
Spyros P. Skouras (1893-1971) was the most influential Greek immigrant in American history and one of America’s preeminent citizens during the Cold War period. In an astonishing sixty-year career, he shaped two industries (film and shipping), turned Twentieth Century-Fox into a global film leader, saved Hollywood by introducing CinemaScope, masterminded Century City in Los Angeles, and, not least, helped save millions of Greeks from starvation and disease during World War II. For the first time his story is being told in his own words and in full detail. Coinciding with Skouras’ 120th birth anniversary, this book is a timely contribution to American, Greek Diaspora, and film historiography that will inspire younger generations to pursue the intertwined ideals of business excellence and public service.
Frangos, Steve. “Comedienne Nellie Nichols Was Once Cathachakes.” The National Herald Online, August 16, 2010.
“Helene Cathachakes was the first successful Greek American comedienne of vaudeville, musical theatre, and Hollywood film. Cathachakes s nearly 40- year career extended from her first great acclaim in vaudeville as a singer and dancer, to later work as a screen actress, culminating in her much sought after instruction as a voice coach. Cathachakes never denied her ethnicity nor overlooked an opportunity to spend time with local Greeks in the cities, towns and hamlets in which she toured. That she became lost to our collective consciousness is yet another indicator of how little Greek Americans recall of their enduring impact on American society and culture at large. In teasing apart the published accounts of Cathachakes life and career we frequently find show biz hokum. Yet it is fascinating in the extreme how Cathachakes’ musical and linguistic skills were such that her real ethnicity became an ongoing topic of her popularity and publicity.”
Frangos, Steve. “Georgia Drake, Greek Goddess of Song.” The National Herald Online, July 16, 2010.
“Georgia Drake (Tsarpalas) is the first woman of Greek descent to have hosted her own television program: The Georgia Drake Show. A lost moment in the Golden Age of American Television, to some perhaps, but for Greek American Studies her complex career is of special interest. For not only did she succeed in the early days of television, but she was to have a long international career which eventually led her headlining at the Hilton in Athens for well over a decade. She was born March 21, 1937 in Chicago, Illinois. As with most Greeks in North America, she attributes her eventual successes to the values she was first taught and experienced at home. Georgia s father, Demetrios Tsarpalas, hailed from the village of Kynegou near Pylos in the Messinia district of the Peloponnese. Demetrios was the second of 10 children. At the age of 19 he immigrated, first to Boston, then to Chicago. In time he brought four brothers.”
Frangos, Steve. “Greek Paradise in Virginia.” The National Herald Online, June 28, 2010.
“It is almost incredible that John Paradise is a forgotten figure in Greek-American history. During the heady days of the European Enlightenment, Paradise was a highly respected intellectual, socially sought after by the most prominent figures of this glittering era. Aside from his social and intellectual connections, Paradise, during the darkest days of the American Revolution, was notable as a steadfast and persuasive advocate of the American Cause. When few people in London would even speak with an American, he and his wife Lucy opened their home to any and all visiting Americans. Such was Paradise’s belief in the democratic underpinnings of the American rebellion that he became a naturalized American citizen. All at a time when he and his family lived in London and could easily have been arrested as seditious enemies of the British crown. It was John Paradise’s genius for friendship that makes him and his wife Lucy historically significant for modern Greek Studies. This couple formed a social and intellectual nexus for the Enlightenment few others could claim.”
Frangos, Steve. “John Paradise Conquers Virginia.” The National Herald Online, June 20, 2010.
“In a time when it is claimed that studies of the Greek Diaspora are on the rise worldwide it is well worth re-considering the life of John Paradise. This one man s life brings together many of the enduring questions and concerns that continue to plague the very definition of the historical and cultural experiences of Hellenes outside the nation state of Greece. The record of Paradise s life is readily available to anyone to survey in historical accounts, diaries, encyclopedia entries, literally hundreds of archived letters and other forms of documentation. This readily accessible published material makes it especially curious that more about Paradise has not entered Greek-American Studies.”
Frangos, Steve. “The Greeks of the Great Northwest.” The National Herald Online, April 17, 2010.
“The history of the Greeks in the Great Northwest is well recorded. Still, it must be said that the vast majority of Greek Americans have not yet discovered the readily available historical accounts documenting the Greek presence in Oregon and Washington, and this fact alone tells us how much Greek America, once so close, has lost something of its social cohesion. Detailed historic and pictorial accounts document specific communities such as Bellingham, Portland, and Seattle, while a regional study of the Yakima Valley in Washington attests to the long-time presence of Greeks across that fertile expanse.”
Frangos, Steve. “The Story of Vasilios Kanellos: Modern Dancer to the Ancient Gods.” The National Herald Online, February 26, 2010.
“Any consideration of Vasilios Kanellos life and career immediately entangles the reader into the broader issues of Euroamerican notions of the Ancient Greeks. Undeniably, a native-born Greek, Kanellos learned a Euroamerican dance-style that quite self-consciously attempted to recreate dance as Greeks of the Classical era performed them. For his entire career, Vasilios Kanellos traveled across Europe, North America and elsewhere performing, lecturing and promoting this revived dance genre.”
Thomopoulos, Elaine.”The Greek American Press.” GreekCircle Fall 2014: 19-23.
The Greek immigrants who came to America saw the Greek American press as their lifeline to Greece and their voice in the community. It helped them navigate the New World and assisted their children and grandchildren to embrace their Hellenic identity. Thomopoulos explores the development of three present-day newspapers, The National Herald (founded in 1915), The Greek Star (founded in 1904), and the Greek Press (founded in 1929). It shows how the audience, language, politics, and content of the papers changed over the years. Also included is a short synopsis of the Orthodox Observer, KRHTH, and The AHEPAN, three other publications that have been published for 80 years or more
c) History and Historiography Scholarship
Anagnostou, Yiorgos. 2015. “Re/collecting Greek America: Reflections on Ethnic Struggle, Success, and Survival,” The Journal of Modern Hellenism 31, pp. 148-175.
Anagnostou, Yiorgos. “Research Frontiers, Academic Margins: Helen Papanikolas and the Authority to Represent the Immigrant Past.” Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora. Vol. 34 (2008): 9-29.
Clogg, Richard (ed). The Greek Diaspora in the Twentieth Century. London: Palgrave, 1999.
Constantakos, Chrysie Mamalakis. 1981. The American-Greek Subculture: Processes of Continuity, New York: Ayer, 1981.
Doctorate of Education, Teacher’s College, Columbia, 1971 thesis, looking at Ierarches Community in Brooklyn, 1980
Gabrielides, Christine, G., translator. The First Greek Ambassador to the American Federation 1867-1868: From the Memoirs of Alexandros Rizos Rangavis. Nostos Books, 2019.
Geanakoplos, Deno J. “The Diaspora Greeks: The Genesis of Modern Greek National Consciousness,” in Hellenism and the First Greek War of Liberation (1821-1830): Continuity and Change. Ed. Nikiforos P. Diamandouros, John P. Anton, John A. Petropulos, and Peter Topping. Thessaloniki: Institute of Balkan Studies, 1976. 59-77.
Giakoumis, Peter S. Forgotten Heroes of The Balkan Wars: Greek Americans and Philhellenes of 1912-1913. Independently Published, 2020.
Hatzidimitriou, Constantine G. “Maria Economidy: A Pioneering Reformer.” Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora, 39.1-2 (2013): 29-94
Karpozilos Kostis. “Labor Unions, Radicalism and the Communist Left in the Greek-American Communities (1920-1950).”
The International Newsletter of Communist Studies XV (2009): 23-25
Karpozilos Kostis. “The American Socialist Movement and the Greek Immigrant Newspaper I Phone tou Ergatou (Voice of the Worker).”
In Proceedings of the International Congress on the History of the Greek Diaspora, Rethymno, 2004: 156-163 [in Greek]
Καρπόζηλος, Κωστής. Κόκκινη Αμερική. Πανεπιστημιακές Εκδόσεις Κρήτης, 2016.
Kitroeff, Alexander. “Greeks and Greece.” The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, 2017.
Kitroeff, Alexander. “Greek America’s Liturgical Language Crisis of 1970.” Ergon: Greek/American Arts and Letters. 26 February 2019.
Beginning in the 1930s, the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America, a hemispheric organization, began establishing its hegemony over Greek American community life. Its predominance continued in the post–World War II era, and by the 1960s the Archdiocese felt emboldened to introduce a key change to address the needs of the Americanized second- and third-generation Greek Americans. This led Archbishop Iakovos to propose that parish priests be allowed to hold the Sunday liturgy in English, where appropriate. This triggered a sharp reaction by the Greek-language media and organizations predominantly headed by immigrant Greek Americans that were mostly concentrated in New York City and along the East Coast. What amounted to a small-scale revolt against the Archbishop led to the intervention of the “Mother Church,” the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Ultimately, Iakovos had to tactically retreat so that he could counter attack later more effectively. But the fact that he suffered the only setback, albeit temporary, in his almost forty-year tenure as the head of the Archdiocese illustrates the resonance and significance of the Greek language in the ways many defined Greek American identity, and the ways language can be used as a tool to challenge even the strongest ethnoreligious institutions. But is also telling of the considerable political skills of Archbishop Iakovos who ultimately managed to weather the challenge.
Kitroeff, Alexander. The Greek Orthodox Church in America: A Modern History. Northern Illinois University Press, 2020.
Kitroeff, Alexander. “Ship Jumpers: An Unspoken Chapter of Greek Immigration to the United States.” The Pappas Post, 16 April 2020, https://www.pappaspost.com/ship-jumpers-an-unspoken-chapter-of-greek-immigration-to-the-united-states/.
Kitroeff, Alexander. “Ο Τύπος ως Πηγή για την Ιστορία των Ελλήνων στις ΗΠΑ” [The Press as a Source for the History of the Greeks in the United States]. Ο Ελληνικός Τύπος 1784 ως σήμερα [The Greek Press Since from 1784 until Today]. Ed. Loukia Droulia. Athens: INE/EIE, 2005.
——. “Οι Ελληνες στις ΗΠΑ: 1922-1940” [The Greeks in the United States: 1922-1940]. Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού 1770-2000 [History of Modern Hellenism, 1770-2000]. Vol. 7. Ed. Vasilis Panayotopoulos. Athens: Nea Grammata, 2004. 323-60.
——-. “Greek-American Ethnicity, 1919-1939.” To Hellenikon, Studies in Honor of Speros Vryonis, Jr. Vol. II. Eds. Jelisaveta Stanojevich Allen et al. New York: Caratzas, 1993. 353-71.
Kitroeff, Alexander. “The Greeks of Egypt in the United States.” Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora. Vol. 35, No. 2 (2009).
Konstadakopoulos, Dimitrios and Soterios C. Zoulas. 100 Years in America: Tsamantas (Greece) Worcester, MA (USA) 1908-2008. Historical Determinants and Images of the Identity and Culture of Diasporas from Southwestern Europe. Bristol: University of the West of England, 2010.
Description: “Why immigrants from the same village migrate to the same city or town in America? What motivated them? What was the cause for acceptance of Greek immigrants during the 1940s and their assimilation into the wider America society?
What happens to the places and people left behind? What are their hidden histories?
Did immigrant banks help foster migration? How important were the Irish immigrants in the development of 19th and early 20th century America?All these question and more are answered in [this book] with seven original essays on various aspects of immigration in general, Greek-America immigration in particular including two essays on the immigration of Greek migrants from the village of Tsamantas in northwest Greece to Worcester, MA. Other essays discuss the importance of Irish immigrants in the development of 19th century Northeast America cities, a statistical profile of Greek-Americans and internal America immigration and its impact on a Maine town.”
Κούρτη-Καζούλη, Βασιλεία. Μια Μικρή Αφήγηση, Μια Μεγάλη Ιστορία: Ένας Ροδίτης μετανάστης στις ΗΠΑ τη δεκαετία του 1920. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση, 2018. Vasilia Kourtis-Kazoullis. A Small Narrative, a Broader History: A Rhodian Immigrant in the United States in the 1920s. Athens: Papazisis Publications, 2018.
Lagos, Taso G. “Poor Greek to ‘Scandalous’ Hollywood Mogul: Alexander Pantages and the Anti-Immigrant Narratives of William Randolph Hearst’s Los Angeles Examiner.” Journal of Modern Greek Studies 30.1 (2012): 45-74.
Lalaki, Despina. “On the Social Construction of Hellenism. Cold War Narratives of Modernity, Development and Democracy for Greece.” The Journal of Historical Sociology 25.4 (2012).
Hellenism is one of those overarching, ever-changing narratives always subject to historical circumstances, intellectual fashions and political needs. Conversely, it is fraught with meaning and conditioning powers, enabling and constraining imagination and practical life. In this essay I tease out the hold that the idea of Hellas has had on post-war Greece and I explore the ways in which the American anti-communist rhetoric and discussions about political and economic stabilization appropriated and rearticulated Hellenism. Central to this history of transformations are the archaeologists; the archaeologists as intellectuals, as producers of culture who, while stepping in and out of their disciplinary boundaries, rewrote and legitimized the new ideological properties of Hellenism while tapping into the resources of their profession.
—. 2013. “Soldiers of Science – Agents of Culture. American Archaeologists in the Office of Strategic Services – OSS.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 82.1. 2013.
“Scientificity” and appeals to political independence are invaluable tools when institutions such as the American School of Classical Studies at Athens attempt to maintain professional autonomy. Nonetheless, the cooperation of scientists and scholars with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), among them archaeologists affiliated with the American School, suggests a constitutive affinity between political and cultural leadership. This relationship is here mapped in historical terms, while, at the same time, sociological categorizations of knowledge and its employment are used in order to situate archaeologists in their broader social and political context and to evaluate their work not merely as agents of disciplinary knowledge but also as agents of culture and cultural change.
Laliotou, Ioanna. Transnational Subjects: Acts of Migration and Cultures of Transnationalism between Greece and America. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004.
Martelle, Scott. Blood Passion: The Ludlow Massacre and Class War in the American West. Piscataway: Rutgers University Press, 2007.
Moskos, Peter C., and Charles C. Moskos. Greek Americans: Struggle and Success. (with an introduction by Michael Dukakis). 3rd Ed. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
Παπαδόπουλος, Γιάννης. «Κράτος, σύλλογοι, Εκκλησία: Απόπειρες ελέγχου των ελλήνων μεταναστών στις ΗΠΑ στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα», στο Λίνα Βεντούρα & Λάμπρος Μπαλτσιώτης (επιμ.), Το Έθνος Πέραν των Συνόρων: «Όμογενειακές» Πολιτικές του Ελληνικού Κράτους. Βιβλιόραμα, (2013): 219-252.
Papadopoulos, Yannis G.S. “The Role of Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Class in Shaping Greek American Identity, 1890-1927: A Historical Analysis.” Identity and Participation in Culturally Diverse Societies: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Assaad E. Azzi, Xenia Chryssochoou, Bert Klandermans, Bernd Simon, eds. New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Pomonis, Katherine. Uncovering the History of the Albuquerque Greek Community, 1880-1952. Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, 2012.
Why did Greeks in the late 1800s cross a sea, an ocean and a continent, to start new lives in the United States? Why did they eventually migrate to a small dusty town in the desert Southwest? How did Albuquerque become a center of Greek-America in the 1930s? And how did the decision to build the church in 1944 in the Huning Highland originate from a tragic event? Uncovering the History of the Albuquerque Greek Community answers these questions and more. This book also details the compassionate response of the community to the appearance of Greek lungers seeking the cure to the ravages of tuberculosis, and traces the decision to establish in 1937 in Albuquerque the only Greek-American tuberculosis sanatorium sponsored by the AHEPA. This book begins with the first Greeks coming, at the turn of the 19th Century, to Albuquerque with the railroad. It details how they began immigrating to the town in large numbers after the First World War, and shows how, by the 1920s, these indomitable men owned and operated numerous businesses in the heart of new Albuquerque. It also shows how their brides made their own unique contribution by transforming the Greek population into a community. They assimilated into the United States and contributed to Albuquerque’s ethnic and cultural diversity. This country gave them opportunity, and in turn, they gave their best.
Παπαδόπουλος, Γιάννης, Γ.Σ. “Οι μετανάστες από τη Μακεδονία στη Βόρεια Αμερική από «διατοπικά» σε «διεθνικά» υποκείμενα»” [“Immigrants from Macedonia in the USA: From translocal to transnational subjects.”] Archeiotaxio. No. 11 (2009): 37-54
Piperoglou, Andonis. “Rethinking Greek Migration as Settler-Colonialism.” Ergon: Greek/American Arts and Letters. 15 October, 2018.
Reed, Katherine. “‘The Prison, By God, Where I Have Found Myself’: Graffiti at Ellis Island Immigration Station, New York, c. 1900–1923.” Journal of American Ethnic History, vol. 38, no.3, Spring 2019, pp. 5–35.
This article analyses messages and pictures drawn on the walls by detainees at Ellis Island immigration station in New York c. 1900–1923. This fragmentary source material provides a valuable insight into the perceptions and emotions of people held in the limbo of immigration detention. Largely neglected in the historiography, the graffiti are significant as a counterpoint to official mark-making and bureaucracy. Ellis Island was an environment where the performance of writing was suffused with power, infamously in the marking out of passengers for further inspection with chalk symbols on their clothing. In the official documents, detainees’ voices were translated, transcribed, and circumscribed. In contrast, the walls of dormitories and detention rooms formed a backstage space for personal musings, creativity, and low-level dissent.
Stephanides, Marios Christos. The History of the Greeks in Kentucky, 1900 -1950, Volume I: The Early Pioneers of Louisville. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellon Press, 2001.
Τουργέλη, Γιώτα. «Οι Μπρούκληδες: Έλληνες μετανάστες στην Αμερική και μετασχηματισμοί στις κοινότητες καταγωγής, 1890–1940». Εθνικό Κέντρο Κοινωνικών Ερευνών, 2020, διαθέσιμο εδώ.
This historical study examines the role that Greek immigrants in the United States played in the economic, social and cultural transformation of their communities of origin between the late 19th century and the outbreak of World War II. It highlights the ways and the means through which, as well as the sectors in and the extent to which, rural populations in Greek villages communicated with their migrant communities and were also influenced by their transatlantic mobility and by economic, material and cultural flows. Drawing on the growing academic literature on “transnational social fields” and “social remittances” it describes the transnational social space which was created between Greek agrarian provinces and American cities through translocal contacts and transborder exchanges maintained by migrants and non-migrants and facilitated by social networks, hometown associations and the technology of the era. The book analyzes systematically the economic, social and cultural impacts of migration in their home communities as well as in the urban cities in which many of the returnees settled. At the same time, it explores the power asymmetries that largely determined the scope of transformations, the negotiation strategies and the ruptures that occurred in the transnational field connecting migrants with non-migrants.
Trent, James W., Jr. The Manliest Man: Samuel G. Howe and the Contours of Nineteenth-Century American Reform. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.
The book explores Howe’s efforts for social reform. Chapter 2 covers Howe’s involvement in the Greek War of Independence between 1824 and 1830, and Chapter 7 recounts his return to Greece in 1867 to support the Rebellion in Crete.
Χασιώτης, I.K., Ό. Κατσιαρδή-Hering, Ε. Α. Αμπατζή (επιμ.). Οι Έλληνες στη Διασπορά 15ος-21ος αι., Αθήνα, Βουλή των Ελλήνων, 2006.
d) History – Reviews
Bowman, Steve. Rev. of Confronting the Greek Dictatorship in the U.S., by Orestis E. Vidalis. Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora 38.1-2 (2012): 133.
Frangos, Steve. Review of Greeks in Chicago, IL (Michael George Davros). Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2009 ( Review).
Gekas, Sakis. Review of Red America: Greek Immigrants and the Vision of a New World 1900-1950 by Kostis Karpozilos (Kωστής Καρπόζηλος, Κόκκινη Αμερική. Έλληνες μετανάστες και το όραμα ενός Νέου Κόσμου 1900-1950). Ergon: Greek/American Arts and Letters. 17 January 2020, https://ergon.scienzine.com/article/books/kostis-karpozilos-red-america.
Jusdanis, Gregory. Review of Charles C. Moskos, Greek Americans: Struggle and Success, 2nd ed. (New Brunswick: Transaction Press, 1989). Diaspora. A Journal of Transnational Studies, vol. 1, no. 2, 1991, pp. 209-223.
Kourelis, Kostis. Review of Greek America in the Images of America Series. (a) Holy Trinity Greek Historical Committee, Greeks in Phoenix (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing, 2008. (b) Greek Historical Society of San Francisco Bay Area. The Greeks in San Francisco (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing, 2016. (c) Rozea, Christina. Greeks in Queens (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing, 2012. (d) Davros, Michael George. Greeks in Chicago (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing, 2009. (e) Bucuvalas, Tina. Greeks in Tarpon Springs (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing, 2016. Ergon: Greek/American Arts and Letters. Ergon: Greek/American Arts and Letters. 16 June 2019.
Laliotou, Ioanna. Review of Kostis Karpozilos, Κόκκινη Αμερική: Έλληνες μετανάστες και το όραμα ενός Νέου Κόσμου (1900-1950) [Red America: Greek immigrants and the new world vision, 1900-1950]. Irakleio: Crete University Press, 2017. 544 pp. Historein, vol. 18, no. 1, 2019. https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/pfiles/journals/14/editor-uploads/issues/776/main776.html?1=776&2=17808#
Piperoglou, Andonis. “Transnational Migrants: A Reappraisal of Ioanna Laliotou’s Transatlantic Subjects.” Review of Transatlantic Subjects: Acts of Migration and Cultures of Transnationalism Between Greece and America, by Ioanna Laliotou. Ergon: Greek/American Arts and Letters, 30 May 2020, https://ergon.scienzine.com/article/books/transnational-migrants.